French wines are made by three distinct groups: individual
growers-winemakers, négociants and cooperatives. France has
a large number of grower-producers that make relatively small amounts
of wine. In the Bordeaux region alone there is about 13,000 growers-winemakers
that produce about 55 million cases annually.
Négociants are wine merchants that purchase
grapes or wines from growers/winemakers and blend them to produce
bottles under their own labels. Négociants play an important
part to wine production in France, especially in Burgundy where there
are a large number of small wine growers-producers.
Cooperatives are businesses with several joint-owners.
Many cooperatives are formed by individual wine producers to share
winemaking and marketing efforts. Cooperatives in France own about
half of all the vineyards and produce about half of all the wines,
especially in the Rhone Valley, Languedoc-Roussillon and Provence,
the south of France.